Following the plebiscite, he was unanimously elected king by the Norwegian Parliament, the first king of a fully independent Norway in 508 years (1397: Kalmar Union); he took the name Haakon VII. Education follows the Bologna Process involving Bachelor (3 years), Master (2 years) and PhD (3 years) degrees. Temperature anomalies found in coastal locations are exceptional, with Røst and Værøy lacking a meteorological winter in spite of being north of the Arctic Circle. The famine of 1695–1696 killed roughly 10% of Norway's population. [24] Norway has had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world since 2009, a position also held previously between 2001 and 2006;[25] it also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking per 2018. She was on the verge of achieving this goal when Olaf IV suddenly died. ... Capital allowances directly impact business incentives for new investments. [45] The earliest traces of human occupation in Norway are found along the coast, where the huge ice shelf of the last ice age first melted between 11,000 and 8,000 BC. German influences in the development of the Norwegian classical music tradition Most cities have too much garbage, but … In the first quarter of 2009, the GNP of Norway surpassed Sweden's for the first time in history, although its population is half the size. [141], Through the Council of State, a privy council presided over by the monarch, the prime minister and the cabinet meet at the Royal Palace and formally consult the Monarch. While in the Viking Age all farmers owned their own land, by 1300, seventy percent of the land was owned by the king, the church, or the aristocracy. [28] Norway also has one of the lowest crime rates in the world. As a promoter of human rights, Norway has held the annual Oslo Freedom Forum conference, a gathering described by The Economist as "on its way to becoming a human-rights equivalent of the Davos economic forum."[278]. The English name Norway comes from the Old English word Norþweg mentioned in 880, meaning "northern way" or "way leading to the north", which is how the Anglo-Saxons referred to the coastline of Atlantic Norway[30][31] similar to leading theory about the origin of the Norwegian language name. For other uses, see, Location of the Kingdom of Norway (green). Norway received Marshall Plan aid from the United States starting in 1947, joined the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) one year later, and became a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949. Norway maintains embassies in 82 countries. In 2017, about 53.6% of all newborns were baptised and about 57.9% of all 15-year-old persons were confirmed in the church. Reporters Without Borders, in its 2007 Worldwide Press Freedom Index, ranked Norway at a shared first place (along with Iceland) out of 169 countries.[149]. [17] The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden (1,619 km or 1,006 mi long). [104][105] There are 239,057 registered islands. Oslo used to have a summer parade similar to the German Love Parade. The kingdom was established in 872 as a merger of many petty kingdoms and has existed continuously for 1,149 years. Norway is also a founding member of the United Nations, NATO, the European Free Trade Association, the Council of Europe, the Antarctic Treaty, and the Nordic Council; a member of the European Economic Area, the WTO, and the OECD; and a part of the Schengen Area. Norway took no part in the events which led to Swedish independence from Denmark in the 1520s. [note 1] The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. The films Die Another Day, The Golden Compass, Spies Like Us and Heroes of Telemark, as well as the TV series Lilyhammer and Vikings also had scenes set in Norway. [156] The Armed Forces are subordinate to the Norwegian Ministry of Defence. The EEA Treaty between the European Union countries and the EFTA countries—transposed into Norwegian law via "EØS-loven"[169]—describes the procedures for implementing European Union rules in Norway and the other EFTA countries. The first line of this couplet is frequently quoted. Copenhagen therefore served as the capital of what is now Norway for almost three centuries, from 1537 to 1814. Popular tourist destinations in Norway include Oslo, Ålesund, Bergen, Stavanger, Trondheim, Kristiansand and Tromsø. [159][160], The Norwegian economy is an example of a mixed economy; a prosperous capitalist welfare state it features a combination of free market activity and large state ownership in certain key sectors, influenced by both liberal governments from the late 19th century and later by social democratic governments in the postwar era. Exclusive Prime pricing. "Northway") and norðmanna land (lit. [263]) Speakers have a right to be educated and to receive communication from the government in their own language in a special forvaltningsområde (administrative area) for Sámi languages. The Hanseatic merchants formed a state within a state in Bergen for generations. In higher altitudes, close to the coasts of southern and western Norway, one can find the rare subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc). Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres (148,729 sq mi)[10] and a population of 5,385,300 as of November 2020. WikiMatrix. Read on to find out more. Another national minority are the Kven people, descendants of Finnish-speaking people who migrated to northern Norway from the 18th up to the 20th century. [286], For an extended period, the Norwegian art scene was dominated by artwork from Germany and Holland as well as by the influence of Copenhagen. A small part of the northernmost coast of Norway has the tundra/alpine/polar climate (ET). In 2010, 2,398 species were listed as endangered or vulnerable; of these were 1250 listed as vulnerable (VU), 871 as endangered (EN), and 276 species as critically endangered (CR), among which were the grey wolf, the Arctic fox (healthy population on Svalbard) and the pool frog.[122]. "Musikkens Dag" is now renamed Musikkfest Oslo. [228], On 1 January 2013[update], the number of immigrants or children of two immigrants residing in Norway was 710,465, or 14.1% of the total population,[220] up from 183,000 in 1992. After the 1994 referendum, Norway maintained its membership in the European Economic Area (EEA), an arrangement granting the country access to the internal market of the Union, on the condition that Norway implements the Union's pieces of legislation which are deemed relevant (of which there were approximately seven thousand by 2010)[153] Successive Norwegian governments have, since 1994, requested participation in parts of the EU's co-operation that go beyond the provisions of the EEA agreement. From the Album Making Marks (Mylittlepony) November 4, 2011 $0.89 Start your 30-day free trial of Unlimited to listen to this song plus tens of millions more songs. The state income derived from natural resources includes a significant contribution from petroleum production. The hunting-fishing population of the west coast was also gradually replaced by farmers, though hunting and fishing remained useful secondary means of livelihood. The government controls its petroleum resources through a combination of state ownership in major operators in the oil fields (with approximately 62% ownership in Statoil in 2007) and the fully state-owned Petoro, which has a market value of about twice Statoil, and SDFI. At the time of the invasion, Norway had the fourth-largest merchant marine fleet in the world. [94] Norway also comprised Bohuslän until 1658, Jämtland and Härjedalen until 1645,[93] Shetland and Orkney until 1468,[95] and the Hebrides and Isle of Man until the Treaty of Perth in 1266.[96]. The term Norwegian Realm (Old Norse: *Noregsveldi, Bokmål: Norgesveldet, Nynorsk: Noregsveldet) and Old Kingdom of Norway refer to the Kingdom of Norway's peak of power at the 13th century after a long period of civil war before 1240. [103] Norway has about 400,000 lakes. [191] The entire network is owned by the Norwegian National Rail Administration. The Sámi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament and the Finnmark Act. Others include Pentecostals (39,600),[245] the Evangelical Lutheran Free Church of Norway (19,600),[245] Methodists (11,000),[245] Baptists (9,900),[245] Eastern Orthodox (9,900),[245] Brunstad Christian Church (6,800),[245] Seventh-day Adventists (5,100),[245] Assyrians and Chaldeans, and others. The first inhabitants were the Ahrensburg culture (11th to 10th millennia BC), which was a late Upper Paleolithic culture during the Younger Dryas, the last period of cold at the end of the Weichselian glaciation. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Norwegian language was subject to strong political and cultural controversies. Nordkalott-Forlaget. Norway is the host of one of the world's biggest extreme sport festivals with music, Ekstremsportveko—a festival held annually in Voss. Oslo, the capital of Norway, sits on the country’s southern coast at the head of the Oslofjord. The legislature abolished the death penalty for high treason in war and war-crimes in 1979. In 1863, the last trace of keeping unmarried women in the status of minors was removed. The state also owns significant shares of Norway's largest bank, DnB NOR and the airline SAS. [168] This is also evident in Norway's low Gini coefficient. [198][199][200] In March 2014, Norway became the first country where over 1 in every 100 passenger cars on the roads is a plug-in electric. [297] Every one in fifteen people throughout the country work in the tourism industry. The most valuable minerals are calcium carbonate (limestone), building stone, nepheline syenite, olivine, iron, titanium, and nickel. A part of this is the evolution of the public school subject Christianity, a required subject since 1739. Much of the nature of Norway remains unspoiled, and thus attracts numerous hikers and skiers. [239], According to the 2010 Eurobarometer Poll, 22% of Norwegian citizens responded that "they believe there is a God", 44% responded that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 29% responded that "they don't believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force". [172] Norway is the fifth-largest oil exporter and third-largest gas exporter in the world, but it is not a member of OPEC. Frits Thaulow, an impressionist, was influenced by the art scene in Paris as was Christian Krohg, a realist painter, famous for his paintings of prostitutes.[288]. [222] The share in Stavanger was 16%. [163] 9.5% of the population aged 18–66 receive a disability pension[164] and 30% of the labour force are employed by the government, the highest in the OECD. They surrendered to the seal hunter as the last German soldiers to surrender in WW2.[90]. Definition of capital of Norway in the Fine Dictionary. The capital of Norway, Oslo, houses the Norwegian Royal Family and Norway’s Government. In European tradition, royal or "blue" blood is a precondition for laying claim to the throne. [51], Norse traditions were replaced slowly by Christian ones in the late 10th and early 11th centuries. However, he was ruthless in his use of paid informers, the secret police and restrictions on the freedom of the press to put down public movements for reform—especially the Norwegian national independence movement. [36] In France normanni or northmanni referred to people of Norway, Sweden or Denmark. Prominent academics include Arne Næss, a philosopher and founder of deep ecology; Johan Galtung, the founder of peace studies; Nils Christie and Thomas Mathiesen, criminologists; Fredrik Barth, a social anthropologist; Vilhelm Aubert, Harriet Holter and Erik Grønseth, sociologists; Tove Stang Dahl, a pioneer of women's law; Stein Rokkan, a political scientist; and economists Ragnar Frisch, Trygve Haavelmo, and Finn E. Kydland. Solberg said her win was "a historic election victory for the right-wing parties".[145]. The Frostating was the assembly for the leaders in the Trondheimsfjord area; the Earls of Lade, near Trondheim, seem to have enlarged the Frostatingslag by adding the coastland from Romsdalsfjord to Lofoten. Investment in new infrastructure and maintenance is financed through the state budget,[192] and subsidies are provided for passenger train operations. Many Norwegians and persons of Norwegian descent joined the Allied forces as well as the Free Norwegian Forces. The cities or municipalities with the highest share of immigrants in 2012 were Oslo (32%) and Drammen (27%). Attractive and dramatic scenery and landscape are found throughout Norway. [283] A-ha initially rose to global fame during the mid-1980s. By referendums in 1972 and 1994, Norwegians rejected proposals to join the European Union (EU). Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. Members of the Royal family are required to be members of the Lutheran church. [62], Margaret pursued a centralising policy which inevitably favoured Denmark, because it had a greater population than Norway and Sweden combined. "The Re-establishing of a Norwegian State", "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income", "Norwegian Society / Living in Norway / StudyinNorway / Home – Study in Norway", "Statistics Norway raises '07 GDP outlook, cuts '08", "Country Comparison :: Crude oil – production", "Country Comparison :: Natural gas – production", "The World's Biggest Wealth Fund Hits $1 Trillion", "Human Development Report 2019: Beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today: Inequalities in human development in the 21st century", "Happiness is on the wane in the US, UN global report finds", "Norway has another year with few murders", "Different genetic components in the Norwegian population revealed by the analysis of mtDNA and Y chromosome polymorphisms", Finding the family in medieval and early modern Scotland, The savage wars of peace: England, Japan and the Malthusian trap, "Marcus Møller Thrane – Norwegian journalist and socialist", "Norwegian volunteers in the Wehrmacht and SS", "Kriegsende in der Arktis: Die vergessenen Haudegen", "Norwegian minister Espen Eide urges UK caution on quitting EU", "Fuglefjellet skal lære folk sjøfuglene å kjenne", "Explore North Cape, Europe's northernmost point", "Statistisk årbok 2013: Geografisk oversikt", "Minifacts about Norway 2009: 2. 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